Welcome to the complete HTML and CSS course. In this course, we're going to learn how to build websites from a beginner to a professional level, and by the end of this course, we're going to build youtube.com. You don't need any previous coding or technical experience. This course is designed to be your first step to becoming a software engineer. ## Course Overview We'll start from the very basics of HTML and CSS and build our way up step by step. Along the way, we'll learn all the major skills needed to create websites at a professional level. The course includes more than 100 exercises to practice the skills learned. ### Getting Started Before we begin, we need two pieces of software: a web browser and a code editor. The most popular web browser for web development is Google Chrome, and the most popular code editor is Visual Studio Code (VS Code). You can easily install both by searching for them on Google. ## Understanding HTML HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It is a tool used to create websites. Every website, from YouTube to Google to Amazon, uses a combination of HTML and CSS to create everything that we see on the website. ### Creating Your First HTML File To create your first HTML file, follow these steps: 1. Create a new folder for your project. 2. Open this folder in your code editor. 3. Create a new file named `website.html`. 4. Write your first HTML code: ```html

Paragraph of text.

``` 5. Save the file and open it in your web browser. ### HTML Elements and Syntax Each item displayed on the webpage is called an HTML element. For example, a button is an HTML element, and a paragraph is another type of HTML element. HTML syntax consists of tags that tell the computer what to create. An opening tag and a closing tag define each element: ```html Content ``` ### Creating Links To create a link to another website, use the anchor tag ``: ```html Link to YouTube ``` ### HTML Attributes Attributes modify how an element behaves. For example, the `href` attribute in the anchor tag determines where the link goes. Attributes are added to the opening tag: ```html Link to YouTube ``` CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to style our webpage. It changes the appearance of HTML elements. For example, to change the background color of a button: ```css button { background-color: red; } ``` ### Creating a CSS File To create a CSS file, follow these steps: 1. Create a new file named `styles.css` in your project folder. 2. Link this CSS file in your HTML file: ```html ``` ## Responsive Design Responsive design ensures that your website looks good on all devices. Use media queries to adjust styles based on screen size: ```css @media (max-width: 600px) { /* Styles for small screens */ } ``` ## CSS Grid and Flexbox CSS Grid is a powerful layout system that allows you to create complex layouts easily. Flexbox is another layout model that provides more flexibility in aligning elements. Both can be used to create responsive designs. ### Example of CSS Grid To create a grid layout: ```css .container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); } ``` ### Example of Flexbox To create a flexbox layout: ```css .container { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; } ``` ## Positioning Elements CSS positioning allows you to control the placement of elements on the page. Use `position: fixed;` to keep elements in place while scrolling, and `position: absolute;` to position elements relative to their nearest positioned ancestor. ### Example of Positioning To create a fixed header: ```css .header { position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; } ``` ## Semantic HTML Using semantic HTML elements like `

`, `